High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Advances in preparation, improvement, and application research

PVC artificial leather , full name polyvinyl chloride artificial leather , a composite made by mixing PVC resin with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, pigments, and other additives, then applying coating, embossing, printing, and other processes finished leather ^[1] ｡ It features a soft texture, wear resistance, easy cleaning, and resistance to deformation, and can mimic the texture and appearance of natural leather, making it an ideal alternative material. PVC artificial leather Its production cost is low and the manufacturing process is simple. Although its breathability and moisture permeability are not as good as natural leather, it has certain strength and wear resistance. Especially since it is easy to produce, has abundant raw materials, uniform product quality, is easy to cut and use, lightweight, water-resistant, and low-cost, it is widely used to make clothing, shoes and hats, bags, furniture, decorations, and various industrial accessories. With the development of plastic varieties and processing technologies, artificial leather A variety of product series have been formed^[2]｡

In recent years, people have been paying increasing attention not only to the appearance and performance of cars but also to the interior of cars. artificial leather As a major basic material for interiors, it is used to make cladding components and is widely applied to interior components such as seats, steering wheels, and headliners.

As for ordinary PVC, artificial leather After years of use inside the car, severe wear has appeared; Especially in areas that are frequently touched daily, such as seats and steering wheels, severe wear can affect overall functionality. Therefore, PVC leather still has considerable room for improvement in wear resistance.

High abrasion resistance PVC artificial leather Preparation principle

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Selection and proportions of raw materials

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather The preparation first involves the crucial steps of selecting and proportioning raw materials. In terms of raw material selection, the main components include PVC resin, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and pigments. Among them, PVC resin is PVC artificial leather ^[3] The main raw material, whose properties directly affect the performance artificial leather Quality and performance. Plasticizers in PVC artificial leather During preparation, they help increase softness and ductility, while stabilizers effectively prevent PVC materials from thermal decomposition and light aging during processing and use. The choice of fillers and pigments affects not only PVC artificial leather The appearance and texture also have a significant impact on its physical properties and durability.

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather It usually consists of a surface treatment layer, surface layer, foam layer, bonding layer, and base fabric. The surface layer includes plasticizers, PVC powder, stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, and fillers. Through research and optimization of the leather surface layer formulation, the product can meet general PVC requirements artificial leather It offers significant advantages in high wear resistance ^[4] ｡

For proportions, PVC should be used artificial leather specific applications and performance requirements for a reasonable ratio. Generally, the content of PVC resin is artificial leather It accounts for a large proportion of the total mass, while the content of plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and pigments needs to be precisely matched according to specific conditions to ensure PVC artificial leather It meets expectations in terms of softness, wear resistance, and weather resistance. Therefore, the selection of raw materials and the ratio of PVC are the key factors artificial leather The final performance of the device has a significant impact and requires careful consideration of various factors and scientific and reasonable combinations. Experiments [4]: The surface layer was prepared from 45~100 parts plasticizer, 75~100 parts PVC powder, 10 parts stabilizer, 0.1~0.9 parts antioxidant, 0~0.8 parts UV absorber, and 0~30 parts filler. Normal products achieve vibration learning wear of 4.9N×10,000 cycles and are rated above grade 4. However, through reasonable formulation and structural settings for the surface layer, we can achieve vibration learning wear of 9.8N×20,000 cycles, rated above grade 4, and ultimately achieve excellent performance indicators.

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Production process flow

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather The main preparation process includes batching, stirring, filtration, extrusion, calendering, cooling, and cutting. During the preparation process, precise control of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and speed is required to ensure the quality of the PVC artificial leather The organizational structure and performance of the system. At the same time, to improve PVC artificial leather Some manufacturers add wear-resistant additives in certain processes to modify PVC resin.

Common PVC artificial leather The production process includes calendering, coating, and extrusion. In the calendering method, raw materials such as PVC resin, plasticizers, and fillers are mixed, then processed by a calender into sheets of a certain thickness. The surface is then patterned using embossing rollers, and finally PVC is formed through drying and cooling processes artificial leather ｡ The coating method involves evenly applying the PVC mixture onto the base fabric through a coating machine, then undergoing processes such as drying, cooling, and embossing to finally form the PVC artificial leather ｡ The extrusion method involves extruding PVC mixtures through an extruder into form, then undergoing processes such as stretching and heat setting to form PVC artificial leather ｡ Different production processes for PVC artificial leather Performance, appearance, and cost all have different impacts, so you need to choose based on your specific requirements.

Among the above production methods, due to mature calendering technology and high production efficiency, large quantities of PVC can be produced quickly and efficiently artificial leather , The product has high strength and can produce PVC of different thicknesses, textures, and properties artificial leather , offering good durability and wear resistance, meeting diverse market demands, and thus gaining recognition from manufacturers. However, due to the high investment in calendering production lines, PVC is the preferred choice artificial leather When producing methods, various factors must be comprehensively considered to select the most suitable and optimal approach.

Formula design principles

PVC resin is a polar amorphous polymer with poor thermal stability, difficult to process, and cannot be used directly. It must undergo modification and blending, with added plasticizers and other related additives and fillers before it can be used. However, the types and quantities of additives and fillers added determine that the properties and requirements of the prepared PVC materials will differ. The composition schemes of PVC resin powder, plasticizers, and other raw and auxiliary materials—in other words, the PVC modification formula—are designed to achieve high wear resistance in PVC artificial leather Key factors of the product.

The roles of components in formulations are interrelated and cannot be selected in isolation. When selecting components, all factors should be comprehensively considered, and design should be based on the performance requirements of different products, raw material sources, price, and molding process. Formulation ingredients typically include: resin, plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, fillers, and modifiers ^[5] ｡

Plasticizers can reduce the forces between PVC molecular chains, lowering the vitrification temperature, flow temperature, and melting point of the microcrystals in the plasticized PVC. Plasticizers can improve the plasticity of the resin, making the product soft and resistant to low temperatures. Plasticizers are often selected from at least one of plasticizer 911, plasticizer 124, plasticizer DPHP, aliphatic dicarboxy acid esters, or epoxy vegetable oil plasticizers ^[6] ;

The stabilizer is calcium-zinc stabilizer, commonly selected from one or more mixtures of calcium stearate, tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, castor oil calcium, zinc stearate, barium stearate, or lanthanum stearate; The addition of stabilizers can improve the photothermal stability of PVC and prevent degradation of PVC calendered films during high-temperature processing, which could degrade their properties ^[7] ｡

Antioxidants can slow down the degradation and aging of products, extend their service life, and have good compatibility with resins, no frost spray, no chemical reactions with other additives, and do not affect the processing performance or other properties of the resin ^[8] ｡ Antioxidants are selected from one or more types of phosphite, trioctyl phosphite.

Fillers are generally inert substances added to plastics to improve strength and various properties, or to reduce costs. It can be composed of one or more of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, ceramizing powder, silicon dioxide, sepiolite, talc powder, calcium sulfate, or magnesium sulfate.

The UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octanoxydibenzone or 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Improvements and applications

PVC artificial leather Methods to improve wear resistance

PVC artificial leather As a common synthetic leather material, its wear resistance has always been one of the key performance indicators to focus on during manufacturing. For PVC artificial leather Regarding wear resistance, researchers have proposed various improvement methods to enhance their service life and range of applications. Among these, the most common improvement methods include adding modifiers and adjusting the preparation process.

Adding modifiers

In PVC artificial leather During the preparation process, adding modifiers is one of the common methods to improve wear resistance. Wear-resistant, high-temperature, and stable modifiers can improve PVC artificial leather molecular structure, increasing the crosslinking between molecules, thereby improving the material’s hardness and wear resistance. Common wear-resistant and high-temperature stabilizing modifiers include methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, nano calcium carbonate, organotin stabilizers, epoxides, organotin esters, and others. These modifiers can increase PVC to some extent artificial leather Wear resistance, improving performance during long-term use.

In addition, adding nanomaterials has also been one of the improvement directions that has been studied in recent years. The introduction of nanomaterials can enhance PVC artificial leather mechanical properties and wear resistance, improving the overall properties of the material. For example, the addition of nanomaterials such as nano zinc oxide and nano silicon can effectively improve PVC artificial leather Wear resistance, giving it a longer service life in practical applications.

Adjust the preparation process

In addition to adding modifiers, PVC is also adjusted artificial leather is also one of the important means to improve its wear resistance. By changing synthesis process parameters and improving the synthesis flow, PVC can be effectively influenced artificial leather Structure and performance. For example, by using different synthesis methods and changing mixing temperature and time under process conditions, PVC can be controlled artificial leather molecular arrangement and crystal structure, which in turn affect its wear resistance. At the same time, by adopting different surface processing techniques and formulation designs, PVC can also be used artificial leather It forms a more uniform and dense protective film on the surface, improving its wear resistance.

In PVC artificial leather Adding modifiers and adjusting the preparation process are two common improvement methods. By applying these methods, PVC can be effectively improved artificial leather abrasion resistance, meeting the material performance requirements of different fields.

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Applications in automotive interiors

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, high wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Its application in automotive interiors is receiving increasing attention. Automotive interior materials require extremely high performance in wear resistance, durability, and comfort, whereas PVC artificial leather Thanks to its excellent processing properties and rich surface effects, it has broad application prospects in the automotive interior sector. High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather can not only extend the service life of automotive interior materials, but also enhance comfort and luxury inside the car.

High-wear-resistant PVC is used in car seats, door trim panels, steering wheel covers, and other parts artificial leather It can effectively reduce wear caused by friction, maintaining a good appearance and feel. At the same time, it is highly wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Surface treatment can also enhance anti-stain performance, improve cleaning and ease of care, and meet the comprehensive requirements for both appearance and performance of automotive interior materials.

In addition, it is made of highly wear-resistant PVC artificial leather It can also be processed through various processes to achieve different textures, colors, and tactile effects, meeting automakers’ needs for personalized interiors. By adjusting the surface treatment process and adding functional fillers, highly wear-resistant PVC can be achieved artificial leather It offers better fire resistance, flame retardancy, and anti-aging properties, enhancing the safety and reliability of automotive interior materials.

In the future, with the continuous development of the automotive industry and increasing demands for interior material performance, high wear-resistant PVC artificial leather The prospects for its application in automotive interiors will be even broader. By continuously optimizing material formulations and improving processing technology, highly wear-resistant PVC is achieved artificial leather This will better meet the performance, appearance, and environmental requirements of automotive interior materials, providing solid support for the sustainable development of the automotive manufacturing industry.

High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Applications in furniture materials

The furniture material is PVC artificial leather Another important application area is PVC, which is highly wear-resistant artificial leather Its application in furniture materials has also attracted much attention. Furniture materials require high performance in wear resistance, color fastness, and tactile comfort, while PVC is highly wear-resistant artificial leather Due to its excellent wear resistance and rich surface effects, it has become an ideal choice for the furniture manufacturing industry.

In furniture products such as sofas, chairs, and beds, highly wear-resistant PVC is used artificial leather It can effectively resist friction and wear during daily use, keeping the furniture surface clean and attractive. Its stain resistance and ease of cleaning also make it one of the top choices for furniture materials. At the same time, it is highly wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Various surface treatment techniques can also be used to achieve personalized designs such as faux leather textures and vibrant colors, meeting the style needs of different furniture products.

Additionally, highly wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Its application in furniture materials can also meet the environmental performance requirements of modern furniture manufacturing through their green and environmentally friendly characteristics. By using environmentally friendly raw materials and production processes, highly wear-resistant PVC is used artificial leather This can reduce environmental pollution and enhance the sustainability and market competitiveness of furniture products. High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Its application in furniture materials has broad market prospects and development potential. As consumers demand higher performance, appearance, and environmental protection for furniture products, high wear-resistant PVC artificial leather It will become one of the key materials in the furniture manufacturing industry, providing a solid guarantee for the quality and quality of furniture products.

Conclusion and Outlook

 High wear-resistant PVC artificial leather It has a wide range of applications and can be used to manufacture footwear materials, bags, clothing, automotive interiors, and other products. With continuous technological advancements, high wear-resistant PVC artificial leather The application areas will further expand into building decoration materials, shipbuilding, and other fields. Therefore, it is highly wear-resistant PVC artificial leather As an important material, its preparation and application research are of great significance. Through research on raw material selection, manufacturing process research, and performance optimization methods, the wear resistance of PVC can be further improved artificial leather Performance and quality. At the same time, as people’s demands for environmental protection and personalization increase, high wear-resistant PVC is being used artificial leather The application areas will be further expanded. In the future, high-wear-resistant PVC artificial leather Research should focus on the development of new fillers and additives, optimization of preparation processes, and improvement of environmental performance to meet the ever-changing market demands.

[1] Qu Jianbo. Together finished leather Materials and Technology [M]. Chemical Industry Press, 2015.

[2] Title Committee, General Committee of the Encyclopedia of China. Encyclopedia of China: Light Industry [M]. Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, 1991

[3] Zhang Zhan. Analysis and Improvement of VOC Sources in Automotive Seat Components [J]. Science and Wealth, 2018(27).

4] Xia Qingqing, Sun Ping, Sun Xiaobin, Wang Yan, Shu Ya. A type of wear-resistant PVC artificial leather and its preparation method. China Patent. 202111150313.1, 2021-09-29.

[5] Processing Technology of PVC Calendered Film. Baidu Wenku.https://wenku.baidu.com/view/e5b7ac6ff5335a8102d220a4?_wkts_=1710288599551&needWelcomeRecommand=1.

[6] [Course] Plasticizers. Douding.https://www.docin.com/p-1592597610.html

[7] Shen Xinyuan. Experimental Textbook for Polymer Materials and Engineering Major [M]. China Textile Press, 2010.

[8] Wu Shunying, Xu Jingyi. Foam plastic molding. Chemical Industry Press, 1999(02).

[9] C.B. Handbook of Modern Plastics [J]. Shanghai Plastics, 2003(3):9. DOI:CNKI:SUN:SHSL.0.2003-03-001.