Introduction to the differences between leather’s flammable ISO6940/6941 (ease of ignition) and flame retardant (resistance to flame)

Testing the flammability and flame retardant properties of textile and leather products is an important means to ensure their safety during use.

Flammability testing is mainly used to evaluate the combustion rate of textile and leather products when exposed to flames, the extent of flame spread, and whether they are prone to self-extinguishment. Common testing methods include:

Vertical combustion test: Hang the sample vertically, ignite its lower end, and observe the burning speed, flame spread, and whether it has self-extinguished.

Horizontal combustion test: Place the sample horizontally and ignite it from one end to evaluate its combustion performance in the horizontal direction.

45-degree angle burn test: The sample is placed at a 45-degree angle and ignited from the bottom, simulating the flame spreading upward in a real fire.

Flame retardancy testing aims to evaluate the flame resistance of textile leather products after flame retardant treatment. The main testing methods include:

Oxygen Index Test (LOI): Determines the oxygen index value by measuring the combustion of materials under different oxygen concentrations. The higher the oxygen index, the better the flame retardant performance of the material.

Smoke Density Testing: Measures the amount of smoke produced, visibility, and toxicity during combustion, assessing visibility and safety during fires.

Heat Release Rate Test: Evaluates the rate at which materials release heat during combustion, reflecting the speed and intensity of fire spread during a fire.

Flame Spread Speed Test: Evaluates the speed at which flames spread across the material surface.
Some products, such as protective clothing, do not have flame-retardant requirements but do have flammability requirements, requiring extinguishing within a certain period. Pay attention to the differences between the two.

Image [1]-Introduction to the differences between leather’s flammable ISO6940/6941 (ease of ignition) and flame retardant (resistance to flame) – Nleather-Nleather

Standards related to flammability

ISO 6940:2004

Textile fabrics — Burning behaviour — Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens

纺织面料—燃烧特性—垂直定向试样易点燃性的测定

BS EN ISO 6940:2004

Textile fabrics. Burning behaviour. Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens

纺织面料燃烧行为垂直定向试样易点燃性的测定

EN ISO 6940:2004

Textile fabrics – Burning behaviour – Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens (ISO 6940:2004)

纺织织物 – 燃烧行为 – 垂直取向试样易燃性的测定（ISO 6940:2004）

AS 2755.1-1985

Textile fabrics – Burning behaviour, Part 1: Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens

纺织物.燃烧性能第1部分:垂直定向试样易点燃性的测定

GB/T 8746-2009

纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向试样易点燃性的测定

Textiles – Burning behaviour – Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens

GB/T 14645-2014

纺织品燃烧性能 45°方向损毁面积和接焰次数的测定

Textiles―Burning behaviour―The 45°test determination of damaged area and ignition times

BS EN 13772:2011

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour. Curtains and drapes. Measurement of flame spread of vertically oriented specimens with large ignition source

纺织品和纺织品燃烧行为窗帘和窗帘大火源垂直定向试样火焰蔓延的测量

DIN EN 13772

Textiles and textile products – Burning behaviour – Curtains and drapes – Measurement of flame spread of vertically oriented specimens with large ignition source

纺织品和纺织产品.燃烧性能.窗帘和窗帘.带大点火源的垂直定向试样火焰蔓延的测量

DIN EN 14115

Textiles – Burning behaviour of materials for marquees, large tents and related products – Ease of ignition; English version of DIN EN 14115

纺织品.帐篷大帐篷和相关产品用材料的燃烧性能.易点燃性；德文版EN 14115:2001

BS EN 14115:2002

Textiles. Burning behaviour of materials for marquees, large tents and related products. Ease of ignition

纺织品帐篷、大帐篷及相关产品材料的燃烧性能点火容易

Regarding the standards for flame spread

ISO 6941:2003

Textile fabrics — Burning behaviour — Measurement of flame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens

纺织面料——燃烧特性——垂直定向试样火焰蔓延特性的测量

BS EN ISO 6941:2003

Textile fabrics. Burning behaviour. Measurement of flame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens

纺织面料燃烧行为垂直定向试样火焰传播特性的测量

AS 2755.2-1985

Textile fabrics – Burning behaviour, Part 2: Measurement of flame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens

纺织物.燃烧性能第2部分:垂直定向试样火焰蔓延性能的测量

GB/T 14644-2014

纺织品燃烧性能 45°方向燃烧速率的测定

Textiles―Burning behaviour―The 45°test determination of flame spread rate

GB/T 5456-2009

纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向试样火焰蔓延性能的测定

Textiles – Burning behaviour – Flame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens

FZ/T 01028-2016

纺织品　燃烧性能　水平方向燃烧速率的测定

Textiles—Burning behaviour—Determination of flame spread rate of horizontally oriented specimens

DIN EN 1102

Textiles and textile products – Burning behaviour – Curtains and drapes – Detailed procedure to determine the flame spread of vertically oriented specimens

纺织品和纺织产品.燃烧性能.窗帘和窗帘.测定垂直定向试样火焰蔓延的详细程序

BS EN 1624:1999

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour of industrial and technical textiles. Procedure to determine the flame spread of vertically oriented specimens

纺织品和纺织品工业和工业用纺织品的燃烧性能测定垂直定向试样火焰蔓延的程序

DIN EN 1624

Burning behaviour of industrial and technical textiles – Procedure to determine the flame spread of vertically oriented specimens

纺织品和纺织产品.工业和技术用纺织品的燃烧性能.垂直定向试样火焰蔓延的测定程序；德文版EN 1624:1999

ISO 15025:2016

Protective clothing — Protection against flame — Method of test for limited flame spread

防护服 – 防火焰 – 有限火焰蔓延测试方法

Regarding standards for burn time

AS 2755.3-1988

Textile fabrics – Determination of burning behaviour, Part 3: Determination of surface burning time

纺织物.燃烧性能的测定.表面燃烧时间的测定

GB/T 8745-2001

纺织品燃烧性能织物表面燃烧时间的测定

Textiles–Burning behaviour–Determination of surface burning time of fabrics

GB/T 5455-2014

纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度、阴燃和续燃时间的测定

Textiles―Burning behaviour―Determination of damaged Length,afterglow time and afterflame time of vertically oriented specimens

ISO 10047:1993

Textiles — Determination of surface burning time of fabrics

纺织及印刷业;；织物表面燃烧时间的测定

Regarding the standards for oxygen levels

GB/T 5454-1997

纺织品燃烧性能试验氧指数法

Textiles–Burning behaviour–Oxygen index metho

ISO 7249:2024

Textiles — Fibres — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index

纺织品纤维燃烧性能的氧指数测定

Regarding combustion procedures, terminology, and other standards

BS EN 1103:2005

Textiles. Fabrics for apparel. Detailed procedure to determine the burning behaviour

纺织品服装面料确定燃烧行为的详细程序d

GB/T 13489-2008

橡胶涂覆织物燃烧性能测定

Rubber coated fabrics – Determination of the burning behaviour

DIN EN 1103

Textiles – Fabrics for apparel – Detailed procedure to determine the burning behaviour

纺织品.服装用织物.测定燃烧性能的详细程序；德文版EN 1103:2005

ISO 4880:1997

Burning behaviour of textiles and textile products — Vocabulary

纺织品和纺织品的燃烧性能——词汇

BS EN 14533:2015

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour of bedding items. Classification scheme

纺织品和纺织品床上用品的燃烧行为分类方案

BS EN 13773:2003

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour. Curtains and drapes. Classification scheme

纺织品和纺织品燃烧行为窗帘和窗帘分类方案

BS EN 1625:1999

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour of industrial and technical textiles. Procedure to determine the ignitability of vertically oriented specimens

纺织品和纺织品工业和工业用纺织品的燃烧性能测定垂直定向试样可燃性的程序

DIN EN 1625

Burning behaviour of industrial and technical textiles – Procedure to determine the ignitability of vertically oriented specimens

纺织品和纺织产品.工业和技术用纺织品的燃烧性能.垂直定向试样可燃性的测定程序；德文版EN 1625:1999

BS EN 1101:1996

Textiles and textile products. Burning behaviour. Curtains and drapes. Detailed procedure to determine the ignitability of vertically oriented specimens (small flame)

纺织品和纺织品燃烧行为窗帘和窗帘确定垂直定向试样（小火焰）可燃性的详细程序

DIN EN 1101

Textiles and textile products – Burning behaviour – Curtains and drapes – Detailed procedure to determine the ignitability of vertically oriented specimens (small flame)

纺织品和纺织产品.燃烧性能.窗帘和窗帘.测定垂直定向试样（小火焰）可燃性的详细程序；德文版EN

AS/NZS 2111.18:1997

Textile floor coverings – Tests and measurements, Method 18: Burning behaviour – Tablet test at ambient temperature

铺地织物.试验和测量.方法18:燃烧性能.室温下的片剂试验

ISO 6925:1982

Textile floor coverings — Burning behaviour — Tablet test at ambient temperature

铺地织物—燃烧特性—室温片剂试验

QB/T 2729-2005

皮革物理和机械试验水平燃烧性能的测定Leather-Physical and mechanical tests-Determination of resistance to horizontal spread of flame

QB/T 5251-2018

皮革物理和机械试验燃烧性能：丁烷气体燃烧法

Leather-Physical and mechanical tests-Burning behavior of all leather items: test methods for the ignitability by the flame of butane gas